Dendrimers: Architecture, Synthesis, and Biomedical Applications – A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Dendrimers are highly branched, nano-sized macromolecules with symmetrical architecture and tunable functionality. Their precise molecular design, monodispersity, and multivalency have made them one of the most promising classes of nanomaterials for drug delivery, diagnostics, and advanced material applications. This review provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of dendrimer architecture, types, synthetic methodologies, characterization techniques, and biomedical applications. Special attention is given to poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, the most extensively explored type for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Current challenges, toxicity concerns, and future directions for translational research are also discussed.

Keywords: Dendrimers, PAMAM, Nanomedicine, Drug delivery, biomedical applications.