Microwave-Assisted Reactions: A Green and Efficient Approach in Modern Chemistry

Abstract

Microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) has revolutionized modern chemical research by providing a rapid, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional heating methods. The technique utilizes microwave irradiation to accelerate chemical reactions through selective and volumetric heating, resulting in shorter reaction times, higher yields, and cleaner product profiles. This review highlights the principles of microwave heating, reactor design, reaction mechanisms, and broad applications across organic, inorganic, and pharmaceutical synthesis. Emphasis is given to its role in green chemistry and industrial-scale processes, along with the challenges and future prospects of this technology.

Keywords: Microwave-assisted synthesis, Green chemistry, Reaction kinetics, Organic synthesis, Energy efficiency